How To Deal With The Rising Tide Of Ransomware
Of all the money-making schemes hackers employ, the most prevalent is perhaps ransomware, a malware that is usually delivered through infected email attachments and hacked websites or websites featuring ads.
Ransomware encrypts files on a user’s computer and renders them unusable until the victim ransoms the key for a specific amount of money.
Cybercriminals are making millions of dollars from ransomware. According to forecasts and assessments made by experts, the threat of ransomware will continue to rise in the months and years to come. Recently, several organizations were badly hit by ransomware, including a police department in Massachusetts, a church in Oregon, schools in South Carolina schools and several medical centers in California and Kentucky, one of which ended up paying the attackers 40 bitcoins (approximately $17,000).
Attacks on individuals seldom make the headlines, but in 2015 alone, the FBI received some 2,500 complaints related to ransomware attacks, which amounted to approximately $24 million in losses to the victims.
Technologies such as modern encryption, the TOR network and digital currencies like bitcoin are contributing to the rising success of ransomware, enabling hackers to stage attacks with more efficiency while hiding their trace.
In many cases, victims are left with no other choice than to pay the attackers, and even the FBI often advises victims to pay the ransom as the only recourse. Traditional methods and tools no longer suffice to deal with the fast-evolving landscape of ransomware viruses, and new approaches are needed to detect and counter its devastating effects.
Most security practices rely largely on regularly updating your operating system, software and antivirus tools, which are effective to protect yourself against known ransomware viruses — but are of no use against its unknown variants.
The other safeguard against ransomware is to keep offline backups of your files, which will enable you to restore your hostage files without paying the crooks. This is a very effective method, but for many organizations, the downtime of a ransomware attack is more damaging than the ransom itself, which warrants the need for methods that can help avoid ransomware altogether.
The high success rates of ransomware attacks are directly attributed to the shortcomings of antivirus software that rely on static, signature-based methods to detect ransomware. With several variants of ransomware being developed on a daily basis, there’s simply no way signature-based defenses can keep up. Udi Shamir, Chief Security Officer at cybersecurity firm Sentinel One, explains, “With minor modifications a cybercriminal can take a well-known form of ransomware like CryptoLocker, and make it completely unknown and undetectable to antivirus software.”
Cybercriminals are making millions of dollars from ransomware
Experts agree that fighting ransomware needs a new approach, one that should be based on behavior analysis rather than signature comparison. “Behavior-based detection mechanisms are now playing a key role in detecting and preventing ransomware-based attacks,” Shamir says. “While there may be many ransomware variants in the wild, they all share a common set of traits that can be detected during execution.”
Most ransomware can be detected through a set of shared behavioral characteristics. Attempts at deleting Windows Shadow Copies, disabling Startup Repair or stopping services such as WinDefend and BITS are telltale signs of ransomware work. “Each of these actions are behaviors that, if detected, translate into a ransomware attack,” Shamir explains.
This is the general idea behind some of the newer security tools — instead of making signature-based comparisons, processes are scrutinized based on their behavior and blocked if found to be carrying out malicious activity. “Once detected, any malicious processes are killed instantly, malicious files are quarantined, and endpoints are removed from the network to prevent any further spread,” Shamir says.
“The new ‘next-generation’ endpoint protection solutions have proven to be effective against all variants of ransomware,” Shamir says.
Prevention without detection
One of the methods ransomware developers use to evade detection is to force their tool to remain in a dormant state while it is under examination by security tools. This enables new variants of the virus to get past antiviruses and even some behavioral-based security solutions without being discovered. Once out of the sandbox, the ransomware is in the ideal environment to unpack its malicious payload and deal its full damage.
The workaround to this technique, as discovered by an Israeli cybersecurity startup, is to trick the ransomware that it is always in the sandbox environment, which will convince it to remain in the “sleeping” state and never wake up to deploy itself.
