How Businesses Can Prevent Point-of-Sale Attacks
Retailers, hotels and restaurants have all been victimized through the same Achilles' heel that cyber-criminals continue to attack: the point-of-sale system, where customers' payment data is routinely processed.
These digital cash registers are often the target of malware designed to steal credit card numbers in the thousands or even millions. This year, US fast-food vendor Wendy's, clothing retailer Eddie Bauer and Kimpton Hotels have all reported data breaches stemming from such attacks.
Security experts, however, are encouraging a variety of approaches to keep businesses secure from point-of-sale-related intrusions. Here are a few to consider:
Monitoring
Point-of-sale malware can strike in a number of ways. Often, it can involve hackers spreading malicious code by breaching the remote access services designed to maintain the payment processing systems, said John Christly, CISO of Netsurion, a security provider.
These remote access services can be poorly configured with guessable passwords, enabling the hackers to break in and distribute the malware to hundreds or thousands of point-of-sale machines. It also doesn't help that the malware can be tricky to detect, Christly added. Sometimes, it can sneak past antivirus programs, and then stealthily extract payment data, despite the presence of traditional firewalls.
"Then it can send out the stolen data slowly, making it look like normal traffic," Christly said. "A few months will go by, and who knows how many credit cards will have been breached."
Businesses that provide remote access to their point of sale system can consider installing two-factor authentication, to avoid relying only on password logins, Christly said. But to ensure better detection of all possible threats, he advocates that businesses go beyond basic antivirus and firewalls and use tools that can monitor for any unusual activity on the actual point-of-sale machines.
"You have to watch every computer to make sure nothing has changed," Christly said. "Whether that computer is active during the night and communicating data, or if the files are being changed."
These tools have been generally marketed to big brand retailers, but Netsurion said it's been offering them at a low cost to small and medium-size businesses.
Encryption
Although hackers continue to develop ever-craftier point-of-sale malware, the most resilient malicious coding becomes useless if all it steals is encrypted data, said George Rice, a senior director of payments at Hewlett Packard Enterprise Security.
Typically, point-of-sale malware works by reading payment data the moment the card is swiped through the retail checkout machine. It does this by scraping the RAM memory of the point-of-sale terminal, where the payment data can be unencrypted.
"The malware techniques are evolving all the time," Rice said. Criminals also understand that retailers are continually updating their point-of-sale machines for pricing or inventory reasons. "So they (the hackers) are using a variety of vulnerabilities to insert the malware into the system," he added.
However, businesses are far less vulnerable to any data breach if they move to end-to-end encryption, according to Rice. That means encrypting the customer's data throughout the entire payment process, including the moment the credit card is swiped.
"This technique can help close any loopholes and vulnerabilities within the system," Rice said.
Earlier this year, HPE Securty announced a partnership with Ingenico, a maker of payment checkout devices, on an end-to-end encryption product for businesses.
To better protect payment data, Hewlett Packard Enterprise Security also provides tokenization, a process of replacing the processed payment card data with digital placeholders, known as tokens. Both this and encryption can be used in combination to reduce the risk of data theft, Rice said.
Testing
Unfortunately, when businesses select the point-of-sale system they want to buy, they rarely think of security, said Charles Henderson, the head of X-Force Red, a security testing team at IBM.
"Most companies assume when they buy a point-of-sale system, they're buying something secure," Henderson said. Buyers also tend to conflate security with a product's compliance to industry standards, but that's not always true, he added.
Henderson's team routinely tests point-of-sale systems to look for vulnerabilities. Often, his team finds them when the business assumed its system was secure because of its industry compliance.
In addition, many of these point-of-sale products are installed by third-party resellers that may not specialize in security. These factors can put businesses at risk, he said.
To prevent this problem, Henderson advises that businesses hire a security specialist to test that their point-of-sale system for any vulnerabilities. Most mainstream point-of-sale system products can be secured with the right implementation, he added.
That testing also goes for security products. Although encryption and other malware-fighting tools can prevent data breaches in point-of-sale systems, they're practically useless if they aren't properly installed, Henderson said.
"They're not bullet proof. The devil is in the implementation," he said.
