Claims That Google's Search Algorithm Spread False Information

Google’s search algorithm appears to be systematically promoting information that is either false or slanted with an extreme rightwing bias on subjects as varied as climate change and homosexuality.

Following a recent investigation by the UK=Published  Observer newspaper, which found that Google’s search engine prominently suggests neo-Nazi websites and anti-Semitic writing, the Guardian has uncovered a dozen additional examples of biased search results.

Google’s search algorithm and its autocomplete function prioritize websites that, for example, declare that climate change is a hoax, being gay is a sin, and the Sandy Hook mass shooting never happened.

The increased scrutiny on the algorithms of Google, which removed anti-Semitic and sexist autocomplete phrases after the recent Observer investigation, comes at a time of tense debate surrounding the role of fake news in building support for conservative political leaders, particularly US president-elect Donald Trump.

Facebook has faced significant backlash for its role in enabling widespread dissemination of misinformation, and data scientists and communication experts have argued that rightwing groups have found creative ways to manipulate social media trends and search algorithms.

The Guardian’s latest findings further suggest that Google’s searches are contributing to the problem.

In the past, when a journalist or academic exposes one of these algorithmic hiccups, humans at Google quietly make manual adjustments in a process that’s neither transparent nor accountable.

At the same time, politically motivated third parties including the “alt-right”, a far-right movement in the US, use a variety of techniques to trick the algorithm and push propaganda and misinformation higher up Google’s search rankings.

These insidious manipulations, both by Google and by third parties trying to game the system, impact how users of the search engine perceive the world, even influencing the way they vote. This has led some researchers to study Google’s role in the presidential election in the same way that they have scrutinized Facebook.

Robert Epstein from the American Institute for Behavioral Research and Technology has spent four years trying to reverse engineer Google’s search algorithms. He believes, based on systematic research, that Google has the power to rig elections through something he calls the search engine manipulation effect (SEME).

Epstein conducted five experiments in two countries to find that biased rankings in search results can shift the opinions of undecided voters. If Google tweaks its algorithm to show more positive search results for a candidate, the searcher may form a more positive opinion of that candidate.

In September 2016, Epstein released findings, published through Russian news agency Sputnik News, that indicated Google had suppressed negative autocomplete search results relating to Hillary Clinton.

Even changing the order in which certain search terms appear in the autocompleted list can make a huge impact, with the first result drawing the most clicks, he said.

At the time, Google said the autocomplete algorithm was designed to omit disparaging or offensive terms associated with individuals’ names but that it wasn’t an “exact science”.

Then there’s the secret recipe of factors that feed into the algorithm Google uses to determine a web page’s importance, embedded with the biases of the humans who programmed it. These factors include how many and which other websites link to a page, how much traffic it receives, and how often a page is updated. People who are very active politically are typically the most partisan, which means that extremist views peddled actively on blogs and fringe media sites get elevated in the search ranking.

“These platforms are structured in such a way that they are allowing and enabling, consciously or unconsciously, more extreme views to dominate,” said Martin Moore from Kings College London’s Centre for the Study of Media, Communication and Power.

Epstein wants Google to be more transparent about how and when it manually manipulates the algorithm.

“They are constantly making these adjustments. It’s absurd for them to say everything is automated,” he said. Manual removals from autocomplete include “are jews evil” and “are women evil”. Google has also altered its results so when someone searches for ways to kill themselves they are shown a suicide helpline.

Shortly after Epstein released his research indicating the suppression of negative autocomplete search results relating to Clinton, which he credits to close ties between the Clinton campaign and Google, the search engine appeared to pull back from such censorship, he said. This, he argued, allowed for a flood of pro-Trump, anti-Clinton content (including fake news), some of which was created in retaliation to bubble to the top.

“If I had to do it over again I would not have released those data. There is some indication that they had an impact that was detrimental to Hillary Clinton, which was never my intention.”

The problem has become particularly challenging for Google in a post-truth era, where white supremacist websites may have the same indicator of “trustworthiness” in the eyes of Google as other websites high in the page rank.

“What does Google do when the lies aren’t the outliers any-more?” Heller said. “Previously there was the assumption that everything on the internet had a glimmer of truth about it. With the phenomenon of fake news and media hacking, that may be changing.”

A Google spokeswoman said in a statement: “We’ve received a lot of questions about autocomplete, and we want to help people understand how it works: Autocomplete predictions are algorithmically generated based on users’ search activity and interests. Users search for such a wide range of material on the web, 15% of searches we see every day are new.

Because of this, terms that appear in Autocomplete may be unexpected or unpleasant. We do our best to prevent offensive terms, like porn and hate speech, from appearing, but we don’t always get it right. Autocomplete isn’t an exact science and we’re always working to improve our algorithms.”

Guardian:          On Facebook, Fake US Election News Was More Popular Than Real News:

 

« Cyber Deterrence: How To Curb Cyber Attacks
Smartwatch Technology For Police Forces »

CyberSecurity Jobsite
Perimeter 81

Directory of Suppliers

Alvacomm

Alvacomm

Alvacomm offers holistic VIP cybersecurity services, providing comprehensive protection against cyber threats. Our solutions include risk assessment, threat detection, incident response.

XYPRO Technology

XYPRO Technology

XYPRO is the market leader in HPE Non-Stop Security, Risk Management and Compliance.

LockLizard

LockLizard

Locklizard provides PDF DRM software that protects PDF documents from unauthorized access and misuse. Share and sell documents securely - prevent document leakage, sharing and piracy.

The PC Support Group

The PC Support Group

A partnership with The PC Support Group delivers improved productivity, reduced costs and protects your business through exceptional IT, telecoms and cybersecurity services.

DigitalStakeout

DigitalStakeout

DigitalStakeout enables cyber security professionals to reduce cyber risk to their organization with proactive security solutions, providing immediate improvement in security posture and ROI.

SSH Communications Security

SSH Communications Security

SSH Communications Security is a leading provider of enterprise cybersecurity solutions for controlling trusted access to information systems and data.

Vanguard Integrity Professionals

Vanguard Integrity Professionals

Vanguard Integrity Professionals is an independent provider of enterprise security software solutions that address complex security and regulatory compliance challenges.

CERT-EU

CERT-EU

CERT-EU is a permanent Computer Emergency Response Team for the EU institutions, agencies and bodies.

MKD-CIRT

MKD-CIRT

MKD-CIRT is the national Computer Incident Response Team for Macedonia.

Aeriandi

Aeriandi

Aeriandi is a leading provider of hosted PCI security compliance solutions for call centres, trusted by high street banks and major Telcos.

Maritime Cyber Alliance

Maritime Cyber Alliance

Maritime Cyber Alliance was established in 2017 by Airbus , CSOAlliance , MCSA & Wididi to provide a medium for both public Cyber Safety advice and for businesses to discuss Cyber concerns.

Arab Information & Communication Technologies Organization (AICTO)

Arab Information & Communication Technologies Organization (AICTO)

The Arab ICT Organization (AICTO) is an Arab governmental organization working under the aegis of the league of Arab States.

C2SEC

C2SEC

C2Sec provides an innovative analytics platform that assesses and quantifies cyber risks in financial terms based on combining patented big data, AI, and cybersecurity technologies.

Collabera Digital

Collabera Digital

Collabera Digital engineer the next generation of solutions that power tech-forward organizations and create an impact on people and communities.

Confidencial

Confidencial

Confidencial is a provider of solutions that help organizations secure their most sensitive information, regardless if that information exists inside or is shared outside the organization.

SignMyCode

SignMyCode

SignMyCode is a one-stop shop for trusted and authentic code signing solutions to safeguard software.

BetterWorld Technology

BetterWorld Technology

BetterWorld Technology provides cloud solutions, managed services, SaaS, cybersecurity and virtual CIO, all customized to meet your needs.

Gutsy

Gutsy

Gutsy uses process mining to help organizations visualize and analyze their complex security processes to understand how they actually run, based on observable event data.

RIoT Secure

RIoT Secure

RIoT Secure AB is a technology enabler within the IoT industry - created with a vision to ensure security technology exists in the foundations of software development for IoT solutions.

Trium Cyber

Trium Cyber

Trium Cyber - Expert Cyber Underwriting and Claims Management. Based in the US and UK. Backed by Lloyd’s of London.

Operational Systems (OpSys)

Operational Systems (OpSys)

OpSys is a leading Managed IT and Cyber Security provider protecting the critical elements of businesses across the globe.